Antidepressants, Circadian Rhythms, and Cognition: The Effects of SSRIs and SNRIs on Circadian Rhythms and Cognitive Performance in a College Population

Psychological Sciences

It has been well documented that individuals with depression commonly experience sleep disturbances. Decreased sleep quality, diminished sleep efficiency, and increased nighttime awakenings are all typical ailments. Deficits in cognitive functioning often co-occur, including impairments in working memory, learning, inhibition, and set shifting. Many studies have found that upon taking antidepressants (ie serotonin agonists), individuals with depression experience normalized sleep and cognitive performance. The impact of antidepressants, especially SSRIs and SNRIs, on sleep stages, particularly REM and slow wave sleep, has been the subject of numerous studies. However, there is currently very limited literature that examines their impact on sleep quality and no literature examining circadian rhythm entrainment. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of these antidepressants on the circadian rhythms and cognitive performance of JMU graduate students who were either taking or not taking antidepressants. Graduate students wore actigraphs for two consecutive weeks while also completing the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics. We found that graduate students taking antidepressants displayed the same level of sleep quality, circadian entrainment, and cognitive performance as those not taking antidepressants. Within the AD group, time of antidepressant use predicted total sleep time (TST) and time spent in bed, with those taking their antidepressant later in the day experiencing longer TST and time in bed. Years of AD use, dosage, and their interaction predicted logical reasoning reaction time and spatial processing performance, with the relationship between task performance and dosage becoming more negative with increased years of AD use. These results indicate that taking antidepressants can ameliorate the deficiencies seen in depression and bring circadian rhythmicity and cognitive performance back up to the levels seen in individuals without a mental health diagnosis.

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